QRNG E Gates

E Gates are versions of the standard gates that are driven by a quantum random number generator (QRNG). Thus, there is a real, unobserved, physical quantum state that is provided to the execution engine. For example, the Eh gate is a version of the H (Hadamard) gate wherein the qubit's superposition is inherent in the external (this is where the E comes from) state.

E Gates are r-value gates in that the r-value provided in the gate object defines where in the unit circle the external QRNG state is split.

E Gates can be applied before standard gates but not after, because standard gates are mathematical and obviously the mathematics cannot be routed back out to whatever quantum device is providing the E gate's state.

E Gates

The following are E gate versions of many of the relevant standard gates:

• E or Ex: Acts as measured X gate initialized with external quantum state.
• Ey: Acts as measured Y gate initialized with external quantum state.
• Ez: Acts as measured Z gate initialized with external quantum state.
• Es: Acts as measured S gate initialized with external quantum state.
• Eh: Acts as measured H gate initialized with external quantum state.

For example, the circuit below creates a 5 qubit system where each qubit is initialized by the external QRNG and given the rvalue is approximately pi for each, then each qubit is initialized with a 50/50 probability of being 0 or 1 in the basis specified by the E gate.

{
    "qubit_count" : 5,
    "gates": [
        {
            "gate_type": "Ex",
            "rvalue": 3.14,
            "target_qubits": [ 0 ]
        },
        {
            "gate_type": "Ey",
            "rvalue": 3.14,
            "target_qubits": [ 1 ]
        },
        {
            "gate_type": "Ez",
            "rvalue": 3.14,
            "target_qubits": [ 2 ]
        },
        {
            "gate_type": "Eh",
            "rvalue": 3.14,
            "target_qubits": [ 3 ]
        },
        {
            "gate_type": "Es",
            "rvalue": 3.14,
            "target_qubits": [ 4 ]
        }        
    ]
  }